- Listening activities should be provided based on students' needs, and teachers should provide authentic listening _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- Teachers should provide students with different types of input such as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- Listening activities should be presented according to their level of complexity; that is, listening activities should be provided from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- Teachers should provide background knowledge and language knowledge to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _